Current issue


June 2022
45-1
<< prev. next >>

Print ISSN: 0031-0247
Online ISSN: 2274-0333
Frequency: biannual

Article Management

You must log in to submit or manage articles.

You do not have an account yet ? Sign up.


Palaeovertebrata in press article


A New caseid Synapsid from the Permian (Guadalupian) of the Lodève basin (Occitanie, France)
 
Ralf Werneburg, Frederik . Spindler, Jocelyn . Falconnet, Jean-Sebastien Steyer, Monique Vianey-Liaud and Jörg-W. Schneider
Keywords: ; Caseidae; France; Guadalupian; semi-aquatic lifestyle

doi: 10.18563/pv.45.2.e2
 

Cite this article: Werneburg R., Spindler F. ., Falconnet J. ., Steyer J.-S., Vianey-Liaud M., Schneider J.-W., 2022. A New caseid Synapsid from the Permian (Guadalupian) of the Lodève basin (Occitanie, France)
 . Palaeovertebrata 45 (2)-e2. doi: 10.18563/pv.45.2.e2

Export citation

Abstract

Lalieudorhynchus gandi gen. nov. and sp. nov. is a new caseid synapsid from the Permian of the Lodève Basin, Occitanie, France. This new taxon is represented by a partial but well-preserved postcranial skeleton, and is characterized by the following apomorphies: a transverse section of the sacral and anterior caudal neural spines with a very thin keel-like process anteriorly, a slender dorsal tip of the dorsal and caudal spines, a narrow distal end of the first sacral rib, a fossa on triceps process of metacoracoid, and a very large distal tarsal 1 of same width than the astragalus, with nearly all sides being shallowly concave.
The skeleton corresponds to a sub-adult individual that was excavated from the La Lieude Formation dated as Roadian-Capitanian (Guadalupian). A sedimentological and taphonomical analysis of the type locality, together with preliminary osteohistological observations, suggest that this new French caseid was rather aquatic, as already hypothesised for other large forms.
A phylogenetic analysis of caseids is performed to test the position of this new taxon and to better understand the evolution of the clade: interestingly, Lalieudorhynchus gandi gen. nov. et sp. nov. is closer to the NorthAmerican “Cotylorhynchushancocki than to the other French caseids Ruthenosaurus and Euromycter from the Artinskian of the geographically closer Rodez Basin. These two last caseids document the Artinskian radiation of the clade, which remained diverse until Olson’s extinction. Caseids survived, as Lalieudorhynchus is one of the youngest representatives of the clade, and may have used novel ecological strategies to access their vegetarian food sources.

  



in press

Bibliography

Barthel, M., 2009. Die Rotliegendflora des Thüringer Waldes. Veröffentlichungen Naturhistorisches Museum Schleusingen, Sonderveröffentlichung 2009, 163 pp.
 
Behrensmeyer, A. K., 1991. Terrestrial Vertebrate Accumulations. In: Allison, P.A., Briggs, D. E. G., Taphonomy. Releasing the Data Locked in the Fossil Record. Topics in Geobiology, Volume 9, Plenum Press, New York, London, 291-335. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-5034-5_6
 
 
Benson, R. B. J., 2012. Interrelationships of basal synapsids: cranial and postcranial morphological partitions suggest different topologies. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 10, 601-624. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2011.631042
 
Berman, D. S., Henrici, A. C., Sumida, S. S., Martens, T., Pelletier, V., 2014. First European record of a varanodontine (Synapsida: Varanopidae): Member of a unique Early Permian upland paleoecosystem, Tambach Basin, central Germany. In: Early Evolutionary History of the Synapsida, eds. C. F. Kammerer, K. D. Angielczyk, J. Fröbisch, 69-86. New York: Springer. (Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6841-3_5
 
Berman, D. S., Maddin, H. C., Henrici, A. C., Sumida, S. S., Scott, D., Reisz, R. R., 2020. New primitive caseid (Synapsida, Caseasauria) from the early Permian of Germany. Annals of Carnegie Museum 86 (1), 43-75. https://doi.org/10.2992/007.086.0103
 
Boitsova, E. A., Skutschas, P. P., Sennikov, A. G., Golubev, V. K., Masuytin, V. V., Masuytina, O. A., 2019. Bone histology of two pareiasaurs from Russia (Deltavjatia rossica and Scutosaurus karpinskii) with implications for pareiasaurian palaeobiology. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 128, 289-310. https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz094
 
Botha, J., 2020. The paleobiology and paleoecology of South African Lystrosaurus. PeerJ 8, e10408. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10408
 
Bourges, P., Rolando, J.-P., Souquet, P., 1987. Le Permien de la partie occidentale du détroit de Rodez (France) : systèmes de dépôt, dynamique du bassin. Annales de la Société géologique du Nord 106, 173-182.
 
Bourquin, S., Bercovici, A., López-Gómez, J., Diez, J. B., Broutin, J., Ronchi, A., Durand, M., Arché, A., Linol, B., Amour, F., 2011. The Permian–Triassic transition and the onset of Mesozoic sedimentation at the northwestern peri-Tethyan domain scale: Palaeogeographic maps and geodynamic implications. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 299 (1–2), 265-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.11.007
 
Brinkman, D., 1988. Size-independent criteria for estimating relative age in Ophiacodon and Dimetrodon (Reptilia, Pelycosauria) from the Admiral and Lower Belle Plains Formations of West-Central Texas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 8, 172-180. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1988.10011695
 
Brochu, C. A., 1996. Closure of neurocentral sutures during crocodilian ontogeny: implications for maturity assessment in fossil archosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 16, 49-62. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1996.10011283
 
Brocklehurst, N., 2018. An examination of the impact of Olson’s extinction on tetrapods from Texas. PeerJ 6, e4767. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4767
 
Brocklehurst, N., 2020. Olson’s Gap or Olson’s Extinction? A Bayesian tipdating approach to resolving stratigraphic uncertainty. Proc. R. Soc. B 287, 20200154. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0154
 
Brocklehurst, N., Brink, K. S. 2017. Selection towards larger body size in both herbivorous and carnivorous synapsids during the Carboniferous. FACETS 2, 68-84. https://doi.org/10.1139/facets-2016-0046
 
Brocklehurst, N., Fröbisch, J. 2017. A re-examination of the enigmatic Russian tetrapod Phreatophasma aenigmaticum and its evolutionary implications. Fossil Record 20, 87-93. https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-20-87-2017
 
Brocklehurst, N., Reisz, R. R., Fernandez, V., Fröbisch, J., 2016a. A re-description of ‘Mycterosaurus’ smithae, an Early Permian eothyridid, and its impact on the phylogeny of pelycosaurian-grade synapsids. PLoS ONE 11(6), e0156810. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0156810
 
Brocklehurst, N., Romano, M., Fröbisch, J., 2016b. Principal component analysis as an alternative treatment for morphometric characters: phylogeny of caseids as a case study. Palaeontology 2016, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1111/pala.12264
 
Brocklehurst, N., Day, M. O., Rubidge, B. S., Fröbisch, J., 2017. Olson’s Extinction and the latitudinal biodiversity gradient of tetrapods in the Permian. Proc. R. Soc. B 284, 20170231. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0231
 
Brocklehurst, N., Kammerer, C. F., Benson, R. J., 2020. The origin of tetrapod herbivory: effects on local plant diversity. Proc. R. Soc. B 287, 20200124. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0124
 
Buatois, L. A., Màngano, M. G., 1995. The paleoenvironmental and paleoecological significance of the lacustrine Mermia ichnofacies: an archetypical subaqueous nonmarine trace fossil assemblage. Ichnos 4, 151-161. https://doi.org/10.1080/10420949509380122
 
Campione, N. E., Reisz, R. R., 2010. Varanops brevirostris (Eupelycosauria: Varanopidae) from the Lower Permian of Texas, with discussion of varanopid morphology and interrelationships. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30, 724-746. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724631003762914
 
Châteaneuf, J.-J., Farjanel, G., 1989. Synthèse géologique des bassins permiens français. Mémoires du Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières 128, 1-288.
 
Citton, P., Ronchi, A., Maganuco, S., Caratelli, M., Nicosia, U., Sacchi, E., Romano, M., 2019. First tetrapod footprints from the Permian of Sardinia and their palaeontological and stratigraphical significance. Geological Journal 54(4), 2084-2098. https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.3285
 
Conrad, G., Odin, B., 1984. Le bassin permien de Lodève (Hérault), Livret-guide de l'excursion. Laboratoire de Sédimentologie, Université d'Aix-Marseille. 5ème Congrès européen de Sédimentologie, Marseille, 9-11 avril 1984. Université d'Aix-Marseille, Marseille (59 pp.).
 
Currie, P. J., 1981. Hovasaurus boulei, an aquatic eosuchian from the Upper Permian of Madagascar. Palaeontologia Africana 24, 99-168.
 
Day, M. O., Ramezani, J., Bowring, S. A., Sadler, P. M., Erwin, D. H., Abdala, F., Rubidge, B. S., 2015. When and how did the terrestrial mid-Permian mass extinction occur? Evidence from the tetrapod record of the Karoo Basin, South Africa. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 282 (1811), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.0834
 
Diego-Orozco, A., Chen, Y., Henry, B., Becq-Giraudon, J. F., 2002. Paleomagnetic results from the Permian Rodez Basin implications: the Late Variscan tectonics in the southern French Massif Central. Geodinamica Acta 15 (4), 249-260. https://doi.org/10.1080/09853111.2002.10510757
 
Doubinger, J., 1974. Études palynologiques dans l’Autunien. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 17 (1-2), 21-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-6667(74)90089-X
 
Doubinger, J., Heyler D., 1959. Note paléontologique sur le Permien de Lodève et de Bourbon-l'Archambault. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France S7-I (3), 304-311. https://doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.S7-I.3.304
 
Doubinger, J., Odin, B., Conrad G., 1987. Les associations sporopolliniques du Permien continental du bassin de Lodève (Hérault, France). Caractérisation de l'Autunien supérieur, du "Saxonien" et du Thuringien. Annales de la Société Géologique du Nord 106, 103-109.
 
Efremov, J. A., 1956. American elements in the fauna of Permian reptiles of the USSR. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 111, 1091-1094.
 
Evans, M. E. 2012. Magnetostratigraphy of the Lodève Basin, France: implications for the Permo-Carboniferous reversed superchron and the geocentric axial dipole. Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica 56 (3), 725-734. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11200-010-0082-y
 
Evans, M. E., Pavlov, V., Veselovsky, R., Fetisova, A., 2014. Late Permian paleomagnetic results from the Lodève, Le Luc, and Bas-Argens Basins (southern France): magnetostratigraphy and geomagnetic field morphology. Physics of Earth and Planetary Interiors 237, 18-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2014.09.002
 
Faure, M., Lardeaux, J. M., Ledru, P., 2009. A review of the pre-Permian geology of the Variscan French Massif Central. Comptes Rendus Geoscience 341, 202-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crte.2008.12.001
 
Felice, R. N., Angielczyk, K. D., 2014. Was Ophiacodon (Synapsida, Eupelycosauria) a swimmer? A test using vertebral dimensions. In: Early Evolutionary History of the Synapsida, Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology, eds. C. F. Kammerer, K. D. Angielczyk, J. Fröbisch (Dordrecht: Springer), 25-50. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6841-3_3
 
Galtier, J., Broutin, J., 2008. Floras from red beds of the Permian Basin of Lodève (Southern France). Journal of Iberian Geology 34(1), 57-72.
 
Gand, G., 1986. Interprétations paléontologique et paléoécologique de quatre niveaux à traces de vertébrés observés dans l'Autunien du Lodévois (Hérault). Géologie de la France, 2, 155-176.
 
Gand, G., 1987. Les traces de vertébrés tétrapodes du Permien français. Professorial thesis, Université de Bourgogne, Centre des Sciences de la Terre, Dijon, 341pp.
 
Gand, G., 1989. Essai de reconstitution paléoenvironnementale et paléoécologique d'une partie du nord du bassin de Lodève (Hérault) au Permien inférieur. Géologie de la France (4), 17-30.
 
Gand, G., 1993. La palichnofaune de vertébrés tétrapodes du bassin permien de Saint-Affrique (Aveyron): comparaisons et conséquences stratigraphiques. Géologie de la France 1, 41-56.
 
Gand, G., Durand, M., 2006. Tetrapod footprint ichno-associations from French Permian basins. Comparisons with other Euramerican ichnofaunas. In: Lucas, S. G., Cassinis, G., Schneider, J. W. (Eds.), Non-Marine Permian Biostratigraphy and Biochronology. Geological Society of London, Special Publications 265 (1), 157-177. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.265.01.07
 
Gand, G., Haubold, H., 1984. Traces de vertébrés du Permien du Bassin de Saint-Affrique (description, datation, comparaison avec celle du bassin de Lodève). Géologie Méditerranéenne 11 (4), 321-351. https://doi.org/10.3406/geolm.1984.1333
 
Gand, G., Garric, J., Lapeyrie J., 2000. Convention d'étude du Permien des bassins de Lodève et Saint-Affrique. Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire naturelle d'Autun, 171, 6-16.
 
Gand, G., Garric, J., Demathieu, G., Ellenberger, P., 2000. La palichnofaune de vertébrés tétrapodes du Permien supérieur du bassin de Lodève (Languedoc, France). Palaeovertebrata, 29 (1), 1-82.
 
Gebhardt, U., Schneider, J., 1985. Stomochara aus den Mansfelder Schichten (Stefan) der Saalesenke und der erste sichere Nachweis von Characeen‑Thalli im Paläozoikum. Freiberger Forschungshefte C 400, 37-43.
 
Gingerich, P. D., 2005. Aquatic Adaptation and Swimming Mode Inferred from Skeletal Proportions in the Miocene Desmostylian Desmostylus. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 12, 183-194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10914-005-5719-1
 
Girondot, M., Laurin, M., 2003. Bone profiler: a tool to quantify, model and statistically compare bone sections compactness profiles. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23(2), 458-461. https://doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2003)023[0458:BPATTQ]2.0.CO;2
 
Haldan, M. M., Langereis, C. G., Biggin, A. J., Dekkers, M. J., Evans, M. E., 2009. A comparison of detailed equatorial red bed records of secular variation during the Permo-Carboniferous Reversed Superchron. Geophysical Journal International 177 (3), 834-848. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04124.x
 
Holmes, R. B., 1977. The osteology and musculature of the pectoral limb of small captorhinids. Journal of Morphology 152, 101-140. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051520107
 
Holmes R. B., 2003. The hind limb of Captorhinus aguti and the step cycle of basal amniotes. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 2003, 40, 515-526. https://doi.org/10.1139/e02-039
 
Hounslow, M. W., Balabanov, Y. P., 2018. A geomagnetic polarity timescale for the Permian, calibrated to stage boundaries. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 450, 61-103. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP450.8
 
Houssaye, A., 2009. “Pachyostosis” in aquatic amniotes: a review. Integrative Zoology 4, 325- 340. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-4877.2009.00146.x
 
Hübner, N., Körner, F., Schneider, J., 2011. Tectonics, climate and facies of the Saint Affrique Basin and correlation with the Lodève Basin (Permian, Southern France). Z. dt. Ges. Geowiss. 162, 157-170. https://doi.org/10.1127/1860-1804/2011/0162-0157
 
Irmis, R. B., 2007. Axial skeleton ontogeny in the Parasuchia (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) and its implications for ontogenetic determination in archosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27, 350-361. https://doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[350:ASOITP]2.0.CO;2
 
Ivakhnenko, M. F., 1990. Elements of the Early Permian tetrapod faunal assemblages of Eastern Europe. Paleontological Journal 1990, 104-112.
 
Körner, F., 2006. Klima- und Sedimentationsmuster des peri-tethyalen, kontinentalen Perms – interdisziplinäre Studien an red beds des Lodève Beckens (S-Frankreich). PhD thesis, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 261 pp.
 
Körner, F., Schneider, J. W., Hoernes, S., Gand, G., Kleeberg, R., 2003. Climate and continental sedimentation in the Permian of the Lodève Basin (southern France). Bollettino della Società Geologica Italiana, Volume Speciale 2, 185-191.
 
Krapovickas, V., Marsicano, C. A., Mancuso, A. C., de la Fuente, M. S., Ottone E. G., 2015. Tetrapod and invertebrate trace fossils from aeolian deposits of the lower Permian of central-western Argentina, Historical Biology, 27, 7, 827-842. https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2014.904857
 
Kriloff, A., Germain, D., Canoville, A., Vincent, P., Sache, M., Laurin, M., 2008. Evolution of bone microanatomy of the tetrapod tibia and its use in palaeobiological inference. J. Evol. Biol. 21, 807-826. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01512.x
 
Krings, M., Klavins, S. D., Barthel, M., Lausberg, S., Serbet, R., Taylor, T. N., Taylor, E. L., 2007. Perissothallus, a new genus for Late Pennsylvanian-Early Permian noncalcareous algae conventionally assigned to Schizopteris (aphleboid foliage). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 153, 477-488. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2007.00616.x
 
Lambertz, M., Shelton, C. D., Spindler, F., Perry, S. F., 2016. A caseian point for the evolution of a diaphragm homologue among the earliest synapsids. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1385(1), 3-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13264
 
Langston, W. J., Reisz, R. R., 1981. Aerosaurus wellesi, new species, a varanopseid mammal-like reptile (Synapsida: Pelycosauria) from the Lower Permian of New Mexico. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 1, 73-96. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1981.10011881
 
Laurin, M., Reisz, R. R., 1995. A reevaluation of early amniote phylogeny. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 113, 165-223. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1995.tb00932.x
 
LeBlanc, A. R. H., Reisz, R. R., 2014. New postcranial material of the early caseid Casea broilii Williston, 1910 (Synapsida: Caseidae) with a review of the evolution of the sacrum in Paleozoic non-mammalian synapsids. PLoS ONE 9 (12), e115734. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0115734
 
Legler, B., Schneider, J., Gand, G., Körner, F., 2004. Playa and sabkha from northern Germany and Southern France. Workshop, IGCP 469 Central European Meeting „Freiberg 2004“, Freiberg University, 64-82.
 
Lopez, M., 1992. Dynamique du passage d’un appareil terrigène à une plate-forme carbonatée en domaine semi-aride : Le Trias de Lodève, Sud de la France. PhD dissertation, Université de Montpellier II, 403 pp.
 
Lopez, M., Gand, G., Garric, J., Galtier, J., 2005. Playa environments in the Lodève Permian Basin and the Triassic cover (Languedoc- France). Excursion, 10-12 may 2005, Association des Sédimentologistes français, 54 pp.
 
Lopez, M., Gand, G., Garric, J., Körner, F., Schneider, J., 2008. The playa environements of the Lodève Permian Basin (Languedoc-France). Journal of Iberian Geology 34(1), 29-56.
 
Lucas, S. G., 2009. Timing and magnitude of tetrapod extinctions across thePermo-Triassic boundary. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 36 (6), 491-502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2008.11.016
 
Lucas, S. G., 2018a. Permian tetrapod biochronology, correlation and evolutionary events. In: Lucas, S. G., Shen, S. Z. (eds.), The Permian Timescale. Geological Society of London, Special Publications 450, 405-444. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP450.12
 
Lucas, S. G., 2018b. Permian charophytes: distribution and biostratigraphy. Permophiles 66, 20-25.
 
Lucas, S. G., 2019. An ichnological perspective on some major events of Paleozoic tetrapod evolution. Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana 58 (3), 223-266.
 
Lucas, S. G., Golubev, V. K., 2019. Age and duration of Olson’s Gap, a global hiatus in the Permian tetrapod fossil record. Permophiles 67, 20-23.
 
Machette, M. N., 1985. Calcic soils of the southwestern United States. In: Weide, D. L., Faber, M. L. (Eds.), Soils and Quaternary Geology of the Southwestern United States, Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap., 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE203-p1
 
Maddin, H. C., Sidor, C. A., Reisz, R. R., 2008. Cranial anatomy of Ennatosaurus tecton (Synapsida: Caseidae) from the Middle Permian of Russia and the evolutionary relationships of Caseidae. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28, 160-180. https://doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[160:CAOETS]2.0.CO;2
 
Marchetti, L., Klein, H., Buchwitz, M., Ronchi, A., Smith, R. M., De Klerk, W. J., Sciscio, L., Groenewald, G. H., 2019. Permian–Triassic vertebrate footprints from South Africa: ichnotaxonomy, producers and biostratigraphy through two major faunal crises. Gondwana Research 72, 139-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2019.03.009
 
Michel, L. A., Tabor, N. J., Montañez, I. P., Schmitz, M. D. Davydov, V. I., 2015a. Chronostratigraphy and paleoclimatology of the Lodève Basin, France: Evidence for a pan-tropical aridification event across the Carboniferous–Permian boundary. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 430, 118-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.03.020
 
Michel, L. A., Tabor, N. J., Montañez, I. P., Schmitz, M. D. Davydov, V. I., 2015b. Reply to the comment on "Chronostratigraphy and paleoclimatology of the Lodève Basin, France: Evidence for a pan-tropical aridification event across the Carboniferous-Permian boundary'' by Michel et al., (2015). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 430, 118-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.03.020
 
Modesto, S. P., Reisz, R. R., 1992. Restudy of Permo-Carboniferous synapsid Edaphosaurus novomexicanus Williston and Case, the oldest known herbivorous amniote. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 29, 2653-2662. https://doi.org/10.1139/e92-210
 
Núñez Demarco, P., Meneghel, M., Laurin, M., Piñeiro, G., 2018. Was Mesosaurus a fully aquatic reptile? Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2018.00109
 
Odin, B., 1986. Les formations permiennes, Autunien supérieur à Thuringien, du "bassin" de Lodève (Hérault, France). PhD thesis, Université Aix-Marseille III., 392 pp.
 
Odin, B., Conrad, G., Stapf, K., 1987. Les aspects de la sédimentation permienne continentale et détritique à Lodève (Hérault, France) : le rôle de la tectonique synsédimentaire et de la subsidence dans la dynamique du bassin. Géologie Alpine 13, 39-46.
 
Olroyd, S.L., Sidor, C. A., 2017. A review of the Guadalupian (middle Permian) global tetrapod fossil record. Earth Science Reviews 171, 583-597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.07.001
 
Olson, E. C., 1954. Fauna of the Vale and Choza: 7. Pelycosauria: Family Caseidae. Fieldiana 17(10), 193-204. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.3457
 
Olson, E. C., 1962. Late Permian terrestrial vertebrates, U.S.A. and U.S.S.R. American Philosophical Society Transaction, new series 52, 1-224. https://doi.org/10.2307/1005904
 
Olson, E. C., 1968. The family Caseidae. Fieldiana: Geology 17, 225-349. https://doi.org/10.2307/583246
 
Olson, E. C., Barghusen, H., 1962. Permian Vertebrates from Oklahoma and Texas. Part I.-Vertebrates from the Flowerpot Formation, Permian of Oklahoma. - Oklahoma Geological Survey, Circular 59, 1-48.
 
Olson, E. C., Beerbower, J.R., Jr., 1953. The San Angelo Formation, Permian of Texas, and its vertebrates. Journal of Geology 61, 381-423. https://doi.org/10.1086/626109
 
Osborn, H. F., 1903. The reptilian subclasses Diapsida and Synapsida and the early history of the Diaptosauria. Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 1, 449-507.
 
Pardo, J. D., Small, B. J., Milner, A. R., Huttenlocker, A. K., 2019. Carboniferous–Permian climate change constrained early land vertebrate radiations. Nature Ecology & Evolution 3, 200-206. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0776-z
 
Pellenard, P., Gand, G., Schmitz, M., Galtier, J., Broutin, B., Stéyer, J.S., 2017. High-precision U-Pb zircon ages for explosive volcanism calibrating the NW European continental Autunian stratotype. Gondwana Research 51, 118-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2017.07.014
 
Pfeifer, L. S., Soreghan, G. S., Pochat, S., Van Den Driessche, J., Thomson, S.N. 2016. Permian exhumation of the Montagne Noire core complex recorded in the Graissessac-Lodève Basin, France. Basin Research 30 (Suppl.1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.12197
 
Pfeifer, L., Soreghan, G. S., Pochat, S., Van Den Driessche, J., 2020. Loess in eastern equatorial Pangea archives a dusty atmosphere and possible upland glaciation. The Geological Society of America Bulletin 133, 379-392. https://doi.org/10.1130/B35590.1
 
Pochat, S., Van Den Driessche, J., 2011. Filling sequence in Late Paleozoic continental basins: a chimera of climate change? A new light shed given by the Graissessac–Lodève Basin (SE France). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 302, 170-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.01.006
 
Pochat, S., Van Den Driessche, J., 2015. Comment on “Chronostratigraphy and paleoclimatology of the Lodève Basin, France: evidence for a pan-tropical aridification event across the Carboniferous–Permian boundary.” by Michel, L. A., Tabor, N. J., Montanez, I. P., Schmitz, M. D., Davydov, V. I., 2015. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 430, 118-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.03.020
 
Reisz, R. R., 1981. A diapsid reptile from the Pennsylvanian of Kansas. University of Kansas. Museum of Natural History, Special Publication 7, 1-74. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8440
 
Reisz, R. R., 1986. Pelycosauria. Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie, 17A, 102 pp. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart.
 
Reisz, R. R., 2005. Oromycter, a new caseid from the Lower Permian of Oklahoma. Journal of
Vertebrate Paleontology 25(4), 905-910. https://doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0905:OANCFT]2.0.CO;2
 
Reisz, R. R., Maddin, H. C., Fröbisch, J., Falconnet, J., 2011. A new large caseid from the Permian of Rodez (France), including a reappraisal of “Casearutena. Geodiversitas 33, 227-246. https://doi.org/10.5252/g2011n2a2
 
Reisz, R. R., 2019. A small caseid synapsid, Arisierpeton simplex gen. et sp. nov., from the early Permian of Oklahoma, with a discussion of synapsid diversity at the classic Richards Spur locality. PeerJ 7: e6615. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6615
 
Reisz, R. R., Fröbisch, J., 2014. The Oldest Caseid Synapsid from the Late Pennsylvanian of Kansas, and the Evolution of Herbivory in Terrestrial Vertebrates. PLoS ONE 9(4), e94518. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0094518
 
Ricqlès, A. de, 1974. Recherches paléohistologiques sur les os longs des tétrapodes. IV: Éothériodontes et pélycosaures. Annales de Paléontologie (Vertébrés) 60, 1-39.
 
Rolando, J. P., Doubinger, J., Bourges, P., Legrand, X., 1988. Identification de l’Autunien supérieur, du Saxonien et du Thuringien inférieur dans le bassin de Saint-Affrique (Aveyron, France). Corrélations séquentielles et chronostratigraphiques avec le bassin de Lodève (Hérault) et de Rodez (Aveyron). Comptes Rendus hebdomadaires des Séances de la l'Académie des Sciences, Série II 307 (2), 1459-1464.
 
Romano, M., Nicosia, U., 2014. Alierasaurus ronchii, gen. et sp. nov., a caseid from the Permian of Sardinia, Italy. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34, 900-913. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2014.837056
 
Romano, M., Nicosia. U., 2015. Cladistic analysis of Caseidae (Caseasauria, Synapsida): using the gap-weighting method to include taxa based on incomplete specimens. Palaeontology, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1111/pala.12197
 
Romano, M., Ronchi, A., Maganuco, S., Nicosia, U., 2017a. New material of Alierasaurus ronchii (Synapsida, Caseidae) from the Permian of Sardinia (Italy), and its phylogenetic affinities. Palaeontologia Electronica 20.2.26A, 1-27. https://doi.org/10.26879/684
 
Romano, M., Brocklehurst, N., Fröbisch, J., 2017b. The postcranial skeleton of Ennatosaurus tecton (Synapsida, Caseidae). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 16 (13), 1097-1122. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2017.1367729
 
Romano, M., Citton, P., Nicosia, U., 2015. Corroborating trackmaker identification through footprint functional analysis: the case study of Ichniotherium and Dimetropus. Lethaia 49 (1), 102-116. https://doi.org/10.1111/let.12136
 
Romano, M., Citton, P., Maganuco, S., Sacchi, E., Caratelli, M., Ronchi, A., Nicosia U., 2018. New basal synapsid discovery at the Permian outcrop of Torrre del Porticciolo (Alghero, Italy). Geological Journal, 1-13, Wiley.
 
Romer, A. S., 1922. The locomotor apparatus of certain primitive and mammal-like reptiles. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 46, 517-606.
 
Romer, A. S., Price. L. I., 1940. Review of the Pelycosauria. Geological Society of America Special Papers 28, 1-538. https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE28-p1
 
Romer, A. S., Parson, T.S., 1983. Vergleichende Anatomie der Wirbeltiere. 1-624, Paul Parey, Hamburg, Berlin.
 
Ronchi, A., Sacchi, E., Romano, M. Nicosia, U., 2011. A huge caseid pelycosaur from north-western Sardinia and its bearing on European Permian stratigraphy and palaeobiogeography. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 56, 723-738. https://doi.org/10.4202/app.2010.0087
 
Roscher, M., Schneider, J. W., 2006. Early Pennsylvanian to Late Permian climatic development of central Europe in a regional and global context. In: Lucas, S. G., Cassinis, G., Schneider, J. W. (eds.), Non-Marine Permian Biostratigraphy and Biochronology. Geological Society of London, Special Publications 265 (1), 95-136. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.265.01.05
 
Sacchi, E., Cifelli, R., Citton, P., Nicosia, U., Romano, M., 2014. Dimetropus osageorum n. isp. from the Early Permian of Oklahoma (USA): A Trace and its Trackmaker. Ichnos 21, 3, 175-192. https://doi.org/10.1080/10420940.2014.933070
 
Schiller, W., 2002. Magnetostratigraphie im oberen Perm des Lodève Beckens, Hérault, Südfrankreich. Diploma thesis, dep. of Geo- und Environmental-sciences, section Geophysics, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 104 pp.
 
Schneider, J. W., Körner, F., Roscher, M., Kroner, U., 2006. Permian climate development in the northern peri-Tethys area The Lodève Basin, French Massif Central, compared in a European and global context. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 240, 161-183.
 
Schneider, J. W., Rössler, R., Gaitzsch, B., 1995. Time lines of the Late Variscan volcanism - a holostratigraphic synthesis. Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie, Teil I, 5/6, 477-490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.03.057
 
Schneider, J. W., Lucas, S. G., Werneburg, R., Rößler, R., 2010. Euramerican Late Pennsylvanian / Early Permian arthropleurid/tetrapod associations – implications for the habitat and paleobiology of the largest terrestrial arthropod. In Lucas, S. G., Schneider, J. W. Spielmann, J. A., eds., Carboniferous-Permian transition in Canõn del Cobre, northern New Mexico, New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin 49, 49-70.
 
Schneider, J. W., Voigt, S., Lucas, S. G. Rößler, R., 2015. Late Palaeozoic wet red beds – dry red beds: How to distinguish them. XVIII International Congress on the Carboniferous and Permian, August 11–15, 2015, Kazan, Russia, Abstracts Volume, 169.
 
Schneider, J. W., Lucas, S. G., Scholze, F., Voigt, S., Marchetti, L., Klein, H., Opluštil, S., Werneburg, R., Golubev, V. K., Barrick, J. E., Nemyrovska, T., Ronchi, A., Day, M. O., Silantiev, V. V., Rößler, R., Saber, H., Linnemann, U., Zharinova, V., Shen, S. Z., 2020. Late Paleozoic-early Mesozoic continental biostratigraphy – Links to the Standard Global Chronostratigraphic Scale. Paleoworld 531, 186-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2019.09.001
 
Sennikov, A. G., Golubev, V. K., 2017. Sequence of Permian tetrapod faunas of Eastern Europe and the Permian–Triassic ecological crisis. Paleontological Journal 51, 600-611. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031030117060077
 
Shelton, C. D., Sander. P. M., 2013. Comparison of postcranial bone histology of carnivorous and herbivorous pelycosaur groups. The Second International Symposium on Paleohistology, Bozeman, July 18-20, 2013, 2, 73.
 
Sigogneau-Russell, D., Russell, D. E., 1974. Étude du premier caséidé (Reptilia, Pelycosauria) d’Europe occidentale. Bulletin du Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, 3e série, Sciences de la Terre 230, 145-216.
 
Silva, R. C., Sedor, F. A., Fernandes, A. C. S., 2012. Fossil footprints from the Late Permian of Brazil: An example of hidden biodiversity. J. South Am. Earth Sci. 38, 31-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2012.05.001
 
Similowski, T., 2017. Early evolution of the diaphragm in caseids: the diaphragm as an adaptation to mixed aquatic-terrestrial lifestyle. Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology 243, 115-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resp.2017.03.011
 
Spindler, F., 2019. Re-evaluation of an early sphenacodontian synapsid from the Lower Permian of England. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1017/S175569101900015X
 
Spindler, F., Falconnet, J., Fröbisch, J. 2016. Callibrachion and Datheosaurus, two historical and previously mistaken basal caseasaurian synapsids from Europe. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 61 (3), 597-616. https://doi.org/10.4202/app.00221.2015
 
Spindler, F., Werneburg, R., Schneider, J. W., 2019. A new mesenosaurine from the lower Permian of Germany and the postcrania of Mesenosaurus: implications for early amniote comparative osteology. PalZ 93, 303-344. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-018-0439-z
 
Steyer, J.-S. 2000. Are European Paleozoic amphibians good stratigraphical markers? Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 171(1), 127-135.
 
Steyer, J.-S., Escuillié, F., Pouillon, J.-M., Broutin, J., Debriette, P., Freytet, P., Gand, G., Poplin, C., Rage, J.-C., Rival, J., Schneider, J. W., Stamberg, S., Werneburg, R., Cuny, G., 2000. New data on the flora and fauna from the ?uppermost Carboniferous-Lower Permian of Buxières-les-Mines, Bourbon-l'Archambault Basin (Allier, France). A preliminary report. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 171(2), 239-249. https://doi.org/10.2113/171.2.239
 
Steyer, J.-S., Laurin, M., Castanet, J., Ricqlès A. de, 2004. First histological and skeletochronological data on temnospondyl growth: palaeoecological and palaeoclimatological implications. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 206, 193-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.01.003
 
Steyer J. S., Peecook B. R., Arbez T., Nesbitt S. J., Tolan S., Stocker M. R, Smith R. M. H., Angielczyk K., Sidor C. A., 2021. New data on the Triassic temnospondyls from the Karoo rift basins of Tanzania and Zambia. Geodiversitas 43, 365-376. https://doi.org/10.5252/geodiversitas2021v43a12
 
Stovall, J. W., Price, L. I., Romer, A. S., 1966. The postcranial skeleton of the giant Permian pelycosaur Cotylorhynchus romeri. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 135, 1-30.
 
Sumida, S. S., Pelletier, V., Berman, D. S., 2014. New information on the basal pelycosaurian-grade synapsid Oedaleops; 7–23, In: Kammerer, C. F., Angielczyk, K. D., Fröbisch, J. (eds.), Early evolutionary history of the Synapsida. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series, Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6841-3_2
 
Swoford, D. L., 2001. PAUP*: Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony. Sunderland, MA, Sinauer Associates.
 
Vetter, P., 1968. Géologie et paléontologie des bassins houillers de Decazeville, de Figeac et du Détroit de Rodez. Tome 2. Études paléontologiques. Houillères du bassin d’Aquitaine, Albi, 196 pp.
 
Vickaryous, M. K., Hall, B. K., 2006. Homology of the reptilian coracoid and a reappraisal of the evolution and development of the amniote pectoral apparatus. Journal of Anatomy 208, 263-285. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00542.x
 
Waskow, K., Mateus, O., 2017. Dorsal rib histology of dinosaurs and a crocodylomorph from western Portugal: Skeletochronological implications on age determination and life history traits. Comptes Rendus Palevol 16, 425-439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpv.2017.01.003
 
Werneburg, R., Steyer, J.-S., Sommer, G., Gand, G., Schneider, J. W., Vianey-Liaud, M., 2007. The earliest tupilakosaurid amphibian with diplospondylous vertebrae from the Late Permian of southern France. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 27(1), 26-30. https://doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[26:TETAWD]2.0.CO;2
 
Werneburg, R., Štamberg, S., Steyer J.-S., 2020. A new stereospondylomorph from the Lower Permian of the Czech Krkonose Piedmont Basin and the redescription of Intasuchus silvicola from the Lower Permian of Russia (Temnospondyli, Amphibia). Fossil Imprint 76 (2), 217-242, Prague. https://doi.org/10.37520/fi.2020.019
 
Williston, S. W., 1910. New Permian reptiles: rhachitomous vertebrae. Journal of Geology 18, 585-600. https://doi.org/10.1086/621786
 
Williston, S. W., 1911a. American Permian Vertebrates. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 145 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.54741
 
Williston, S. W., 1911b. A new family of reptiles from the Permian of New Mexico. American Journal of Science, Fourth Series 31, 378-398. https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s4-31.185.378
 
Williston, S. W., 1911c. Permian reptiles. Science 33, 631-632. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.33.851.631
 
Williston, S. W., 1912. Primitive reptiles. Journal of Morphology 23, 637-666. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050230404
 
Williston, S. W., Case, E. C., 1913. Description of a nearly complete skeleton of Ophiacodon Marsh. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 181, 37-59.
 
Ziegler, A. M., 1990. Phytogeographic patterns and continental configurations during the Permian Period. In: McKerrow, W. S., Scotese, C. R. (eds.) Palaeozoic Palaeogeography and Biogeography. Geological Society, London, Memoir 12, 363-379. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.MEM.1990.012.01.35
 
 
 
 
  


PDF